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Microbe Profiles

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Microbe Profiles
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Microbiology is now publishing ‘Microbe Profiles’ – concise, review-type articles that provide overviews of the classification, structure and properties of microbes, written by leading microbiologists. These profiles will provide insights into key microbes within the field. 

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    • : the source of 100 years of discoveries and many more to come

      has been studied for over 100 years since its discovery as an aerobic nitrogen-fixing organism. This species has proved useful for the study of many different biological systems, including enzyme kinetics and the genetic code. It has been especially useful in working out the structures and mechanisms of different nitrogenase enzymes, how they can function in oxic environments and the interactions of nitrogen fixation with other aspects of metabolism. Interest in studying has waned in recent decades, but this bacterium still possesses great potential for new discoveries in many fields and commercial applications. The species is of interest for research because of its genetic pliability and natural competence. Its features of particular interest to industry are its ability to produce multiple valuable polymers – bioplastic and alginate in particular; its nitrogen-fixing prowess, which could reduce the need for synthetic fertilizer in agriculture and industrial fermentations, via coculture; its production of potentially useful enzymes and metabolic pathways; and even its biofuel production abilities. This review summarizes the history and potential for future research using this versatile microbe.

    • Microbe Profile: : Humanity's deadly microbial foe

      is an expert and deadly pathogen, causing the disease tuberculosis (TB) in humans. It has several notable features: the ability to enter non-replicating states for long periods and cause latent infection; metabolic remodelling during chronic infection; a thick, waxy cell wall; slow growth rate in culture; and intrinsic drug resistance and antibiotic tolerance. As a pathogen, has a complex relationship with its host, is able to replicate inside macrophages, and expresses diverse immunomodulatory molecules. currently causes over 1.8 million deaths a year, making it the world’s most deadly human pathogen.

    • Microbe Profile: : a conserved intestinal symbiont that acts as the gatekeeper of our mucosa

      is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal tract of humans and many other animals. It is the sole intestinal representative of the verrucomicrobia in human stools and depleted in adults suffering from obesity, diabetes and several other diseases. degrades intestinal mucin into mainly propionic and acetic acid, and lives in symbiosis with its host, marked by signalling to immune and metabolic pathways, priming trophic chains and likely providing competitive exclusion at the host–microbe interface. Since its recent discovery, has increasingly been studied and recognized as a true intestinal symbiont promoting beneficial interactions in the intestinal tract.

    • : Queen of the cellar, nightmare of geneticists

      is a wine-associated lactic acid bacterium (LAB) responsible mostly for wine malolactic fermentation (MLF). This fastidious bacterium (auxotrophic for many amino acids and slow growing) possesses remarkable adaptability to harsh physicochemical conditions and can reprogramme its metabolic pathways to enhance its survival in wine. Thus, is an instructive bacterial model for investigating stress response mechanisms in LAB. However, the lack of appropriate techniques to modify the genome has hampered molecular studies of this species. The application of recent advances in molecular genetics promises to provide a better understanding of the regulation of stress responses in this species in the future.

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