X-AMR, a pop-up journal

X-AMR, a pop-up journal

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a cross-disciplinary issue, with ground-breaking studies currently bringing together clinicians and modellers, veterinary and soil scientists, microbiologists and anthropologists. Yet finding a home for the unique publications from this research is difficult. The Microbiology Society is providing such a home with a new pop-up journal for cross-disciplinary research on antimicrobial resistance: X-AMR.

We invite submissions in the form of research papers, mini-reviews or commentaries. For more information on X-AMR, including how to submit your article, see our FAQs page.

Included in this collection are a host of antimicrobial resistance papers already published across our portfolio. The latest X-AMR articles will appear as and when they are published. Read our Guest Editors' introductory Editorial here.

Collection Contents

121 - 122 of 122 results

- Prevalence and virulence characteristics of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in a case–control study among patients from Iran
  
  Saeed Bafandeh, Fakhri Haghi and Habib Zeighami
  
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  Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important agent of diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. The role of EAEC virulence factors in the clinical outcome of infection is not completely defined. This case–control study investigated the prevalence of EAEC, its virulence genes and the antimicrobial resistance profile of adult patients with and without diarrhoea attending three different hospitals in Zanjan, Iran. A total of 550 individual stool specimens (350 from diarrhoeal patients and 200 from patients without diarrhoea) were collected. One hundred and forty-one EAEC isolates were identified by a HEp-2 cell assay and PCR. EAEC isolates were detected with slightly higher frequency in patients with (27.7 %) than in patients without (22 %) diarrhoea (P ≥ 0.05). The EAEC genes aggR, aap and pet were identified more frequently in case patients compared with controls (P ≤ 0.05). Many of the EAEC isolates from the diarrhoeal patients had two or more virulence genes compared with those without diarrhoea (P ≤ 0.05). EAEC isolates exhibited high-level resistance to amoxicillin (82.3 %), co-amoxiclav (78 %), aztreonam (73.8 %), tetracycline (66.6 %) and ceftazidime (63.8 %). In addition, 53.2 % of isolates were resistant to at least three different classes of antimicrobial agents and were considered to be multidrug resistant. These results indicate a high prevalence and heterogeneity of gene profiles of EAEC in diarrhoeal and control patients, and suggest that the presence of aggR, aap and pet, the number of genes present and the antimicrobial resistance profile may be markers for more-virulent EAEC isolates.
  
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- Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as the major cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients at an infectious disease hospital in southern Vietnam
  
  Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu, Nguyen Phu Huong Lan, James I. Campbell, Christopher M. Parry, Corinne Thompson, Ha Thanh Tuyen, Nguyen Van Minh Hoang, Pham Thi Thanh Tam, Vien Minh Le, Tran Vu Thieu Nga, Tran Do Hoang Nhu, Pham Van Minh, Nguyen Thi Thu Nga, Cao Thu Thuy, Le Thi Dung, Nguyen Thi Thu Yen, Nguyen Van Hao, Huynh Thi Loan, Lam Minh Yen, Ho Dang Trung Nghia, Tran Tinh Hien, Louise Thwaites, Guy Thwaites, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau and Stephen Baker
  
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  Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious healthcare-associated infection that affects up to 30 % of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. The bacterial aetiology and corresponding antimicrobial susceptibility of VAP is highly variable, and can differ between countries, national provinces and even between different wards in the same hospital. We aimed to understand and document changes in the causative agents of VAP and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles retrospectively over an 11 year period in a major infectious disease hospital in southern Vietnam. Our analysis outlined a significant shift from Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Acinetobacter spp. as the most prevalent bacteria isolated from quantitative tracheal aspirates in patients with VAP in this setting. Antimicrobial resistance was common across all bacterial species and we found a marked proportional annual increase in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. over a 3 year period from 2008 (annual trend; odds ratio 1.656, P = 0.010). We further investigated the possible emergence of a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clone by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis, finding a bla OXA-23-positive strain that was associated with an upsurge in the isolation of this pathogen. We additionally identified a single bla NDM-1-positive A. baumannii isolate. This work highlights the emergence of a carbapenem-resistant clone of A. baumannii and a worrying trend of antimicrobial resistance in the ICU of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  
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X-AMR, a pop-up journal

Collection Contents

Prevalence and virulence characteristics of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in a case–control study among patients from Iran

Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as the major cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients at an infectious disease hospital in southern Vietnam