RESULTS:

A Gram-stain-positive spore-forming and facultative aerobic bacterium designated C11T was isolated from mountain soil collected in the Republic of Korea. The cells were motile rods with peritrichous flagella and positive for catalase and oxidase activities. Strain C11T grew at 15–45 °C (optimum 30–37 °C) and pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 6.0) and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). Strain C11T contained menaquinone-7 as the sole isoprenoid quinone and iso-C15 : 0 iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. Diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38.8 mol%. Strain C11T was most closely related to Neobacillus drentensis IDA1967T and Mesobacillus foraminis CV53T with 98.0 and 97.7 % 71.7 and 69.9 % and 20.1 and 20.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences showed that strain C11T was included in a phyletic lineage with members of the genus Neobacillus but was distinct from members of the genus Mesobacillus . Phenotypic chemotaxonomic and molecular properties suggested that strain C11T represents a novel species of the genus Neobacillus for which the name Neobacillus terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C11T (=KACC 21661T=JCM 33943T).

A Gram-stain-negative non˗spore-forming rod˗shaped obligately anaerobic bacterium designated strain BP5GT was isolated from the hindgut of a silver drummer (Kyphosus sydneyanus) fish collected from the Hauraki Gulf New Zealand. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the family Lachnospiraceae in the phylum Bacillota and was most closely related to Anaerotignum propionicum with 94.06 % sequence identity. Isolate BP5GT grew on agar medium containing mannitol and fish gut fluid as carbon sources. Clear colonies of approximately 1 mm diameter of the isolate grew within a week at 20–28 °C (optimum 28 °C) and pH 7.6–8.5 (optimum pH 8.5). Strain BP5GT was very sensitive to NaCl and the optimal concentration for growth was 0.045 % (w/v). Acetate and propionate were the major fermentation products. The major cellular fatty acids were C12 : 0 C14 : 0 C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The genome sequence of the isolate was determined. Its G+C content was 38.41 mol% and the 71.41 % average nucleotide identity of the BP5GT genome to its closest neighbour with a sequenced genome ( A. propionicum DSM 1682T) indicated low genomic relatedness. Based on the phenotypic and taxonomic characteristics observed in this study a novel genus and species named Chakrabartyella piscis gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed for isolate BP5GT (=ICMP 24687T=JCM 35769T).

In this study we isolated a novel strain of lactic acid bacteria AF129T from alfalfa silage prepared locally in Morioka Iwate Japan. Polyphasic taxonomy was used to characterize the bacterial strain. The bacterium was rod-shaped Gram-stain-positive non-spore-forming and catalase-negative. The strain grew at various temperatures (15–40°C) and pH levels (4.0–8.0). The optimum growth conditions were a temperature of 30°C and a pH of 6.0. AF129T exhibited growth at salt (NaCl) concentrations of up to 6.5 % (w/v). The G+C content of the strain’s genomic DNA was 41.5 %. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 C18 : 1ω9c C19 : 0cyclo ω8c and summed feature 8. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that AF129T represents a member of the genus Ligilactobacillus and it has higher sequence similarities with Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii (98.4 %) Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis (97.5 %) and Ligilactobacillus salitolerans (97.4 %). The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values for AF129T and phylogenetically related species of the genus Ligilactobacillus ranged from 19.8% to 24.1%. The average nucleotide identity of the strain with its closely related taxa was lower than the threshold (95 %–96 %) used for species differentiation. In the light of the above-mentioned physiological genotypic chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence we confirm that AF129T represents a member of the genus Ligilactobacillus and constitutes a novel species; we propose the name Ligilactobacillus pabuli sp. nov. for this species. The type strain is AF129T =MAFF 518002T =JCM 34518T=BCRC 81335T.

A Gram-stain-negative endospore-forming rod-shaped indole-producing bacterial strain designated YZC6T was isolated from fermented cabbage. Strain YZC6T grew at 10–37  °C pH 5.5–8.5 and with up to 2  % (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 cis 11 dimethyl acetal. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain YZC6T belonged to the genus Lacrimispora and was closely related to Lacrimispora aerotolerans DSM 5434T (98.3  % sequence similarity) Lacrimispora saccharolytica WM1T (98.1  %) and Lacrimispora algidixylanolytica SPL73T (98.1  %). The average nucleotide identity based on blast (below 87.8  %) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (below 36.1 %) values between the novel isolate and its corresponding relatives showed that strain YZC6T could be readily distinguished from its closely related species. Based on genotypic phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data a novel Lacrimispora species Lacrimispora brassicae sp. nov. was proposed with YZC6T as the type strain (=MAFF 212518T=JCM 32810T=DSM 112100T). This study also proposed Clostridium indicum Gundawar et al. 2019 as a later heterotypic synonym of Lacrimispora amygdalina (Parshina et al. 2003) Haas and Blanchard 2020 and Clostridium methoxybenzovorans Mechichi et al. 1999 as a later heterotypic synonym of Lacrimispora indolis (McClung and McCpy 1957) Haas and Blanchard 2020.

A corrigendum of this article has been published full details can be found at 10.1099/ijsem.0.006564

Seven novel lactic acid bacterial strains (BF125T BF186 TKL145 YK3 YK6 YK10 and NSK) were isolated from the fresh faeces of Japanese black beef cattle and weanling piglets spent mushroom substrates or steeping water of a corn starch production plant. These strains are rod-shaped Gram-stain-positive non-motile non-spore-forming catalase-negative cytochrome oxidase-negative facultatively anaerobic and homofermentative. Strain BF125T did not produce any gas from glucose; both d- and l-lactate were produced as end-products of glucose (D/L 40 : 60). Growth occurred at 30–45 °C (optimum 37 °C) pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum pH 6.0) and with NaCl concentration of 1.0–3.0% (w/v). The G+C content of genomic DNA of strain BF125T was 37.8 mol% (whole-genome analysis). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 C18 : 1 ω9c C19 cyclopropane 9 10 and summed feature 10. The 16S rRNA gene in strain BF125T showed high similarity to that of the type strain of Lactobacillus amylovorus (99.93%) and the other isolates were also identified as L. amylovorus based on these similarities. A phylogenetic tree based on the core genomes of L. amylovorus strains (n=54) including the seven isolates showed that they could be divided into two clusters. Strains YK3 YK6 YK10 and NSK were in the first cluster along with the type strain DSM 20531T while the second cluster included isolates BF125T BF186 TKL145 and other strains isolated from various animal origins. Phenotypic differences in fermentability were observed for lactose salicin and gentiobiose between these two groups. The intergroup digital DNA–DNA hybridization values (72.9–78.6%) and intergroup average nucleotide identity values (95.64–96.92%) were comparable to values calculated using datasets of other valid subspecies of the genus (ex-) Lactobacillus. In light of the physiological genotypic and phylogenetic evidence we propose a novel subspecies of L. amylovorus named Lactobacillus amylovorus subsp. animalis subsp. nov. (type strain BF125T=MAFF 212522T=DSM 115528T). Our findings also led to the automatic creation of Lactobacillus amylovorus subsp. amylovorus subsp. nov. and an emended description of the species L. amylovorus.